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KMID : 1100720190390050438
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Annals of Laboratory Medicine
2019 Volume.39 No. 5 p.438 ~ p.446
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Clonal Cell Proliferation in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria: Evaluation of PIGA Mutations and T-cell Receptor Clonality
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Park Joon-Hong
Kim Myung-Shin
Kim Yong-Goo
Han Kyung-Ja
Chung Nack-Gyun
Cho Bin
Lee Sung-Eun
Lee Jong-Wook
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Abstract
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Background: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell disorder associated with an increase in the number of glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol (GPI)-deficient blood cells. We investigated PNH clonal proliferation in the three cell lineages?granulocytes, T lymphocytes, and red blood cells (RBCs)?by analyzing PIGA gene mutations and T-cell receptor (TCR) clonality.
Methods: Flow cytometry was used on peripheral blood samples from 24 PNH patients to measure the GPI-anchored protein (GPI-AP) deficient fraction in each blood cell lineage. PIGA gene mutations were analyzed in granulocytes and T lymphocytes by Sanger sequencing. A TCR clonality assay was performed in isolated GPI-AP deficient T lymphocytes.
Results: The GPI-AP deficient fraction among the three lineages was the highest in granulocytes, followed by RBCs and T lymphocytes. PIGA mutations were detected in both granulocytes and T lymphocytes of 19 patients (79.2%), with a higher mutation burden in granulocytes. The GPI-AP deficient fractions of granulocytes and T lymphocytes correlated moderately (rs=0.519, P=0.049) and strongly (rs=0.696, P=0.006) with PIGA mutation burden, respectively. PIGA mutations were more frequently observed in patients with clonal rearrangements in TCR genes (P=0.015). The PIGA mutation burden of T lymphocytes was higher in patients with clonal TCRB rearrangement.
Conclusions: PIGA mutations were present in approximately 80% of PNH patients. PNH clone size varies according to blood cell lineage, and clonal cells may obtain proliferation potential or gain a survival advantage over normal cells.
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KEYWORD
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Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, PIGA mutation, T-cell receptor clonality
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